Solar panels, heat pumps and insulation in Bayswater conservation area
In the Bayswater conservation area (Westminster), external wall insulation needs planning permission, and so does an air source heat pump on a wall or roof facing the road; one at the back or side, internal and loft insulation and solar panels on a roof slope normally do not. An Article 4 direction published by Westminster covers this area and removes permitted development rights for replacement windows and doors, and other alterations to the house, so there these need planning permission too. The area has 268 listed buildings; on a listed building solar panels and heat pumps are not permitted development at all and need planning permission and listed building consent. 10,657 homes inside the boundary have an energy certificate: 69.1% are solid-wall homes with no wall insulation, 52.8% heat with a gas boiler and 47.2% are rated D–G; 138 have a heat pump. EPC register November 2026; rules as at 21 October 2026.
Data: EPC register November 2026 (latest certificate per home), conservation area boundaries 3 November 2026, permitted development rules as at 21 October 2026 · calculated 5 November 2026 · Methodology and sources
10,657homes with an energy certificate
69.1%solid walls, no insulation
52.8%heated by a gas boiler
138heat pumps
Article 4: An Article 4 direction published by Westminster covers this area and removes permitted development rights for replacement windows and doors, and other alterations to the house, so there these need planning permission too. (168-208 Sussex Gardens, W2; Article 4 Basement Development Permitted Rights Removed; Article 4 Direction Class E To C3 In Central Activities Zone)
What needs planning permission in Bayswater
Work (house, not listed)
In a conservation area
Rule
Air source heat pump on a wall or roof facing the road, or nearer the road than the house
Planning permission needed
Part 14 Class G, G.1(j)
Air source heat pump at the back or side (outdoor unit up to 1.5 m³, MCS Planning Standards, one per house — two on a detached house)
No permission needed (permitted development)
Part 14 Class G
Solar panels on a pitched roof (up to 0.2 m proud, not above the ridge)
No permission needed (permitted development)
Part 14 Class A, A.2(c)
Solar panels on a wall, balcony or roof enclosure facing the road
Planning permission needed
Part 14 Class A, A.2(e)
Solar panels on a flat roof (up to 0.6 m above the roof)
Replacement windows and doors of similar appearance
Planning permission needed (an Article 4 direction here removes this right)
Part 1 Class A, A.3(a)
Listed buildings: 268 in the area (grade I: 2, II*: 5). The table is for houses that are not listed: on a listed building, solar panels and air source heat pumps are not permitted development at all (they need planning permission), and any of these works needs listed building consent.
Flats: 90% of the certified homes here are flats or maisonettes. Homes in a block of flats have no householder rights for alterations; heat pumps and solar have their own, tighter rules for blocks of flats.
The homes in the area (latest certificate per home, n = 10,657)
Walls
Homes
Share
Solid wall (brick or stone), no insulation
7,367
69.1%
Cavity wall, unfilled
813
7.6%
Other or not known
659
6.2%
Timber frame
387
3.6%
Cavity wall, insulated (as built or unspecified)
336
3.2%
Solid wall, internal insulation
300
2.8%
Modern wall (U-value from the design)
228
2.1%
Cavity wall, partly insulated
176
1.7%
Solid wall, insulated
159
1.5%
Cavity wall, filled
129
1.2%
Solid wall, partly insulated
80
0.8%
Cavity wall, internal or external insulation
18
0.2%
Solid wall, external insulation
4
0.0%
Heating
Homes
Share
Gas boiler
5,622
52.8%
Communal heating
2,888
27.1%
Electric (storage heaters, panels, boiler)
1,993
18.7%
Heat pump
138
1.3%
LPG
15
0.1%
Solid fuel (wood, coal)
1
0.0%
Loft / roof insulation
Homes
Share
No insulation
1,476
13.9%
Under 200 mm
284
2.7%
200 mm or more
113
1.1%
Insulated (depth not recorded)
958
9.0%
Flat or other home above
7,675
72.0%
Other
151
1.4%
Windows
Homes
Share
Single glazed
4,892
45.9%
Double glazed
4,679
43.9%
Secondary glazing
1,002
9.4%
Triple glazed
84
0.8%
CDE
Energy rating: A 2 (0.0%) · B 382 (3.6%) · C 5,247 (49.2%) · D 3,708 (34.8%) · E 1,163 (10.9%) · F 132 (1.2%) · G 23 (0.2%). Houses and bungalows: 10% of the homes; solar panels on 0.0% of the certificates. Most common build period on the certificates: before 1900. Designated: 1 January 2010.
Compared with Westminster and England
Share of homes
Bayswater
All 56 areas in Westminster
England
Solid walls, no insulation
69.1%
66.4%
48.7%
Gas boiler
52.8%
59.2%
66.4%
Rated D–G
47.2%
—
56.5%
Caveats
Certificates describe a home when it was assessed; 58% of these are from 2020 or later (latest 31 October 2026). “No insulation (assumed)” is the assessor's default for older walls.
The rules are England's national permitted development rules (General Permitted Development Order 2015, Schedule 2, as at 21 October 2026). They do not cover building regulations or a council's own conditions. This is not a planning decision: ask Westminster if in doubt.
Boundary: City of Westminster via planning.data.gov.uk (entity 44004093, reference 10/00025/CONARA, 124.4 ha); the council's appraisal or map. Homes are placed by the coordinates of their UPRN (OS Open UPRN); addresses are not shown.