Solar panels, heat pumps and insulation in St Margaret's Estate conservation area
In the St Margaret's Estate conservation area (Richmond upon Thames), external wall insulation needs planning permission, and so does an air source heat pump on a wall or roof facing the road; one at the back or side, internal and loft insulation and solar panels on a roof slope normally do not. The area has 6 listed buildings; on a listed building solar panels and heat pumps are not permitted development at all and need planning permission and listed building consent. 541 homes inside the boundary have an energy certificate: 49.2% are solid-wall homes with no wall insulation, 89.5% heat with a gas boiler and 51.8% are rated D–G; 13 have a heat pump. EPC register November 2026; rules as at 21 October 2026.
Data: EPC register November 2026 (latest certificate per home), conservation area boundaries 3 November 2026, permitted development rules as at 21 October 2026 · calculated 5 November 2026 · Methodology and sources
541homes with an energy certificate
49.2%solid walls, no insulation
89.5%heated by a gas boiler
13heat pumps
Article 4: Richmond upon Thames does not publish Article 4 areas on planning.data.gov.uk — check with the council.
What needs planning permission in St Margaret's Estate
Work (house, not listed)
In a conservation area
Rule
Air source heat pump on a wall or roof facing the road, or nearer the road than the house
Planning permission needed
Part 14 Class G, G.1(j)
Air source heat pump at the back or side (outdoor unit up to 1.5 m³, MCS Planning Standards, one per house — two on a detached house)
No permission needed (permitted development), unless an Article 4 direction removes it — check with the council
Part 14 Class G
Solar panels on a pitched roof (up to 0.2 m proud, not above the ridge)
No permission needed (permitted development), unless an Article 4 direction removes it — check with the council
Part 14 Class A, A.2(c)
Solar panels on a wall, balcony or roof enclosure facing the road
Planning permission needed
Part 14 Class A, A.2(e)
Solar panels on a flat roof (up to 0.6 m above the roof)
Prior approval of appearance from the council, unless an Article 4 direction removes it — check with the council
Replacement windows and doors of similar appearance
No permission needed (permitted development), unless an Article 4 direction removes it — check with the council
Part 1 Class A, A.3(a)
Listed buildings: 6 in the area (grade I: 0, II*: 2). The table is for houses that are not listed: on a listed building, solar panels and air source heat pumps are not permitted development at all (they need planning permission), and any of these works needs listed building consent.
Flats: 48% of the certified homes here are flats or maisonettes. Homes in a block of flats have no householder rights for alterations; heat pumps and solar have their own, tighter rules for blocks of flats.
The homes in the area (latest certificate per home, n = 541)
Walls
Homes
Share
Solid wall (brick or stone), no insulation
266
49.2%
Cavity wall, insulated (as built or unspecified)
134
24.8%
Modern wall (U-value from the design)
44
8.1%
Cavity wall, unfilled
28
5.2%
Other or not known
17
3.1%
Timber frame
16
3.0%
Cavity wall, filled
13
2.4%
Cavity wall, partly insulated
10
1.8%
Solid wall, internal insulation
6
1.1%
Solid wall, external insulation
3
0.6%
Cavity wall, internal or external insulation
2
0.4%
Solid wall, insulated
2
0.4%
Heating
Homes
Share
Gas boiler
484
89.5%
Electric (storage heaters, panels, boiler)
38
7.0%
Heat pump
13
2.4%
Communal heating
6
1.1%
Loft / roof insulation
Homes
Share
No insulation
75
13.9%
Under 200 mm
91
16.8%
200 mm or more
52
9.6%
Insulated (depth not recorded)
122
22.6%
Flat or other home above
168
31.1%
Other
33
6.1%
Windows
Homes
Share
Double glazed
493
91.1%
Single glazed
27
5.0%
Secondary glazing
20
3.7%
Triple glazed
1
0.2%
BCDE
Energy rating: B 98 (18.1%) · C 163 (30.1%) · D 183 (33.8%) · E 77 (14.2%) · F 18 (3.3%) · G 2 (0.4%). Houses and bungalows: 52% of the homes; solar panels on 0.4% of the certificates. Most common build period on the certificates: 1900-1929. Designated: 2 November 1971.
Compared with Richmond upon Thames and England
Share of homes
St Margaret's Estate
All 85 areas in Richmond upon Thames
England
Solid walls, no insulation
49.2%
63.5%
48.7%
Gas boiler
89.5%
83.6%
66.4%
Rated D–G
51.8%
—
56.5%
Caveats
Certificates describe a home when it was assessed; 47% of these are from 2020 or later (latest 16 October 2026). “No insulation (assumed)” is the assessor's default for older walls.
The rules are England's national permitted development rules (General Permitted Development Order 2015, Schedule 2, as at 21 October 2026). They do not cover building regulations or a council's own conditions. This is not a planning decision: ask Richmond upon Thames if in doubt.
Boundary: London Borough of Richmond upon Thames via planning.data.gov.uk (entity 44002454, reference 7364, 39.5 ha); the council's appraisal or map. Homes are placed by the coordinates of their UPRN (OS Open UPRN); addresses are not shown.