Solar panels, heat pumps and insulation in Norham conservation area
In the Norham conservation area (Northumberland), external wall insulation needs planning permission, and so does an air source heat pump on a wall or roof facing the road; one at the back or side, internal and loft insulation and solar panels on a roof slope normally do not. The area has 28 listed buildings; on a listed building solar panels and heat pumps are not permitted development at all and need planning permission and listed building consent. 210 homes inside the boundary have an energy certificate: 35.2% are solid-wall homes with no wall insulation, 0.5% heat with a gas boiler and 68.1% are rated D–G; 36 have a heat pump. EPC register November 2026; rules as at 21 October 2026.
Data: EPC register November 2026 (latest certificate per home), conservation area boundaries 3 November 2026, permitted development rules as at 21 October 2026 · calculated 5 November 2026 · Methodology and sources
210homes with an energy certificate
35.2%solid walls, no insulation
0.5%heated by a gas boiler
36heat pumps
Article 4: Northumberland publishes its Article 4 areas on planning.data.gov.uk and none overlaps this area; a direction can still exist on paper, so check with the council.
What needs planning permission in Norham
Work (house, not listed)
In a conservation area
Rule
Air source heat pump on a wall or roof facing the road, or nearer the road than the house
Planning permission needed
Part 14 Class G, G.1(j)
Air source heat pump at the back or side (outdoor unit up to 1.5 m³, MCS Planning Standards, one per house — two on a detached house)
No permission needed (permitted development)
Part 14 Class G
Solar panels on a pitched roof (up to 0.2 m proud, not above the ridge)
No permission needed (permitted development)
Part 14 Class A, A.2(c)
Solar panels on a wall, balcony or roof enclosure facing the road
Planning permission needed
Part 14 Class A, A.2(e)
Solar panels on a flat roof (up to 0.6 m above the roof)
Replacement windows and doors of similar appearance
No permission needed (permitted development)
Part 1 Class A, A.3(a)
Listed buildings: 28 in the area (grade I: 2, II*: 0). The table is for houses that are not listed: on a listed building, solar panels and air source heat pumps are not permitted development at all (they need planning permission), and any of these works needs listed building consent.
Flats: 0% of the certified homes here are flats or maisonettes. Homes in a block of flats have no householder rights for alterations; heat pumps and solar have their own, tighter rules for blocks of flats.
The homes in the area (latest certificate per home, n = 210)
Walls
Homes
Share
Solid wall (brick or stone), no insulation
74
35.2%
Cavity wall, filled
52
24.8%
Cavity wall, insulated (as built or unspecified)
49
23.3%
Cavity wall, unfilled
14
6.7%
Solid wall, internal insulation
7
3.3%
Timber frame
6
2.9%
Modern wall (U-value from the design)
3
1.4%
Solid wall, partly insulated
2
1.0%
Cavity wall, partly insulated
1
0.5%
Other or not known
1
0.5%
Solid wall, insulated
1
0.5%
Heating
Homes
Share
Oil
89
42.4%
Electric (storage heaters, panels, boiler)
42
20.0%
Heat pump
36
17.1%
LPG
35
16.7%
Solid fuel (wood, coal)
6
2.9%
Communal heating
1
0.5%
Gas boiler
1
0.5%
Loft / roof insulation
Homes
Share
No insulation
12
5.7%
Under 200 mm
46
21.9%
200 mm or more
115
54.8%
Insulated (depth not recorded)
34
16.2%
Other
3
1.4%
Windows
Homes
Share
Double glazed
196
93.3%
Single glazed
11
5.2%
Secondary glazing
3
1.4%
CDEF
Energy rating: A 7 (3.3%) · B 7 (3.3%) · C 53 (25.2%) · D 51 (24.3%) · E 55 (26.2%) · F 27 (12.9%) · G 10 (4.8%). Houses and bungalows: 100% of the homes; solar panels on 5.2% of the certificates. Most common build period on the certificates: before 1900. Designated: 26 April 1984.
Compared with Northumberland and England
Share of homes
Norham
All 70 areas in Northumberland
England
Solid walls, no insulation
35.2%
49.9%
48.7%
Gas boiler
0.5%
64.7%
66.4%
Rated D–G
68.1%
—
56.5%
Caveats
Certificates describe a home when it was assessed; 61% of these are from 2020 or later (latest 30 October 2026). “No insulation (assumed)” is the assessor's default for older walls.
The rules are England's national permitted development rules (General Permitted Development Order 2015, Schedule 2, as at 21 October 2026). They do not cover building regulations or a council's own conditions. This is not a planning decision: ask Northumberland if in doubt.
Boundary: Northumberland County Council via planning.data.gov.uk (entity 44013570, reference CA51, 67.7 ha); the council's appraisal or map. Homes are placed by the coordinates of their UPRN (OS Open UPRN); addresses are not shown.