Solar panels, heat pumps and insulation in Baldock conservation area
In the Baldock conservation area (North Hertfordshire), external wall insulation needs planning permission, and so does an air source heat pump on a wall or roof facing the road; one at the back or side, internal and loft insulation and solar panels on a roof slope normally do not. The area has 99 listed buildings; on a listed building solar panels and heat pumps are not permitted development at all and need planning permission and listed building consent. 445 homes inside the boundary have an energy certificate: 29.2% are solid-wall homes with no wall insulation, 61.6% heat with a gas boiler and 54.4% are rated D–G; 2 have a heat pump. EPC register November 2026; rules as at 21 October 2026.
Data: EPC register November 2026 (latest certificate per home), conservation area boundaries 3 November 2026, permitted development rules as at 21 October 2026 · calculated 5 November 2026 · Methodology and sources
445homes with an energy certificate
29.2%solid walls, no insulation
61.6%heated by a gas boiler
2heat pumps
Article 4: North Hertfordshire does not publish Article 4 areas on planning.data.gov.uk — check with the council.
What needs planning permission in Baldock
Work (house, not listed)
In a conservation area
Rule
Air source heat pump on a wall or roof facing the road, or nearer the road than the house
Planning permission needed
Part 14 Class G, G.1(j)
Air source heat pump at the back or side (outdoor unit up to 1.5 m³, MCS Planning Standards, one per house — two on a detached house)
No permission needed (permitted development), unless an Article 4 direction removes it — check with the council
Part 14 Class G
Solar panels on a pitched roof (up to 0.2 m proud, not above the ridge)
No permission needed (permitted development), unless an Article 4 direction removes it — check with the council
Part 14 Class A, A.2(c)
Solar panels on a wall, balcony or roof enclosure facing the road
Planning permission needed
Part 14 Class A, A.2(e)
Solar panels on a flat roof (up to 0.6 m above the roof)
Prior approval of appearance from the council, unless an Article 4 direction removes it — check with the council
Replacement windows and doors of similar appearance
No permission needed (permitted development), unless an Article 4 direction removes it — check with the council
Part 1 Class A, A.3(a)
Listed buildings: 99 in the area (grade I: 1, II*: 8). The table is for houses that are not listed: on a listed building, solar panels and air source heat pumps are not permitted development at all (they need planning permission), and any of these works needs listed building consent.
Flats: 64% of the certified homes here are flats or maisonettes. Homes in a block of flats have no householder rights for alterations; heat pumps and solar have their own, tighter rules for blocks of flats.
The homes in the area (latest certificate per home, n = 445)
Walls
Homes
Share
Solid wall (brick or stone), no insulation
130
29.2%
Cavity wall, insulated (as built or unspecified)
101
22.7%
Modern wall (U-value from the design)
61
13.7%
Timber frame
46
10.3%
Cavity wall, unfilled
27
6.1%
Cavity wall, filled
26
5.8%
Solid wall, internal insulation
21
4.7%
Solid wall, insulated
16
3.6%
Cavity wall, partly insulated
9
2.0%
Other or not known
6
1.3%
Solid wall, partly insulated
2
0.4%
Heating
Homes
Share
Gas boiler
274
61.6%
Electric (storage heaters, panels, boiler)
145
32.6%
Communal heating
23
5.2%
Heat pump
2
0.4%
Oil
1
0.2%
Loft / roof insulation
Homes
Share
No insulation
30
6.7%
Under 200 mm
96
21.6%
200 mm or more
70
15.7%
Insulated (depth not recorded)
71
16.0%
Flat or other home above
122
27.4%
Other
56
12.6%
Windows
Homes
Share
Double glazed
335
75.3%
Single glazed
79
17.8%
Secondary glazing
31
7.0%
BCDE
Energy rating: A 4 (0.9%) · B 40 (9.0%) · C 159 (35.7%) · D 139 (31.2%) · E 91 (20.4%) · F 10 (2.2%) · G 2 (0.4%). Houses and bungalows: 36% of the homes; solar panels on 0.9% of the certificates. Most common build period on the certificates: before 1900. Designated: 17 June 2003.
Compared with North Hertfordshire and England
Share of homes
Baldock
All 44 areas in North Hertfordshire
England
Solid walls, no insulation
29.2%
44.7%
48.7%
Gas boiler
61.6%
67.6%
66.4%
Rated D–G
54.4%
—
56.5%
Caveats
Certificates describe a home when it was assessed; 56% of these are from 2020 or later (latest 26 October 2026). “No insulation (assumed)” is the assessor's default for older walls.
The rules are England's national permitted development rules (General Permitted Development Order 2015, Schedule 2, as at 21 October 2026). They do not cover building regulations or a council's own conditions. This is not a planning decision: ask North Hertfordshire if in doubt.
Boundary: North Hertfordshire District Council via planning.data.gov.uk (entity 44001732, reference 4932, 16.0 ha); the council's appraisal or map. Homes are placed by the coordinates of their UPRN (OS Open UPRN); addresses are not shown.